89 Julia

89 Julia
	VLT-SPHERE image of Julia. The large crater Nonza, half the diameter of the asteroid, is centered on the upper left quadrant.
Discovery
Discovered by	Édouard Stephan
Discovery date	6 August 1866
Designations
MPC designation	(89) Julia
Pronunciation	/ˈdʒuːliə/
Named after	Julia of Corsica
Minor planet category	Main belt
Adjectives	Julian /ˈdʒuːliən/
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	149.68 yr (54672 d)
Aphelion	3.0202 AU (451.82 Gm)
Perihelion	2.08017 AU (311.189 Gm)
Semi-major axis	2.55016 AU (381.499 Gm)
Eccentricity	0.18430
Orbital period (sidereal)	4.07 yr (1487.5 d)
Mean anomaly	255.367°
Mean motion	0° 14m 31.272s / day
Inclination	16.128°
Longitude of ascending node	311.563°
Argument of perihelion	45.461°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	(89±2)×(80±1)×(62±3) km
Mean diameter	140±3 km; 151±3 km; 148±8 km
Flattening	0.30
Mass	(4.3±3.2)×1018 kg; (4.3±3.6)×1018 kg; (6.7±1.8)×1018 kg
Mean density	3.0±2.2 g/cm3; 3.0±2.6 g/cm3; 4.0±1.3 g/cm3
Synodic rotation period	11.388336±0.000001 h (0.4745 day)
Geometric albedo	0.216 (calculated); 0.1764±0.007; 0.176
Spectral type	S
Apparent magnitude	8.74 to 12.61
Absolute magnitude (H)	6.37
Angular diameter	0.18" to 0.052"

89 Julia is a large main-belt asteroid that was discovered by French astronomer Édouard Stephan on 6 August 1866. This was first of his two asteroid discoveries; the other was 91 Aegina. 89 Julia is believed to be named after Saint Julia of Corsica. A stellar occultation by Julia was observed on 20 December 1985.

The spectrum of 89 Julia shows the signature of silicate rich minerals with possible indications of an abundant calcic clinopyroxene component. It is classified as an S-type asteroid. The asteroid has an estimated diameter of 151.4±3.1 km.^[8] Photometry from the Oakley Observatory during 2006 produced a lightcurve that indicated a sidereal rotation period of 11.38±0.01 with an amplitude of 0.20±0.02 in magnitude.^[9]

Nonza crater and Julian family

89 Julia is the parent body of the eponymous Julia family of asteroids. Observations of 89 Julia by the VLT's SPHERE instrument identified a 'highly probable' crater 70–80 km in diameter and 4.1±1.7 km deep in the southern hemisphere as the only visible possible source of the family.^[10] The crater was named Nonza by the discoverers, referring to the commune on the island of Corsica where Saint Julia was born.^[11] The excavated volume is on the order of 5,000 to 15000 km³. It is hypothesized an impact 30 to 120 million years ago by another body approximately 8 kilometers in diameter may have created the collisional family.

Notes

^ Flattening derived from the maximum aspect ratio (c/a): $f=1-{\frac {c}{a}}$ , where (c/a) = 0.70±0.03.^[4]

References

^ Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Yeomans, Donald K., "89 Julia", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, retrieved 13 May 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Vernazza et al. (August 2018) The impact crater at the origin of the Julia family detected with VLT/SPHERE?, Astronomy and Astrophysics 618, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833477
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56
^ ^a ^b ^c Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv:1203.4336, Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009. See Table 1.
^ Asteroid Data Sets Archived 2009-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
^ "AstDys (89) Julia Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 27 June 2010.
^ Birlan, Mirel; Barucci, Maria Antonietta; Vernazza, Pierre; Fulchignoni, Marcello; Binzel, Richard P.; Bus, Schelte J.; et al. (June 2004). "Near-IR spectroscopy of asteroids 21 Lutetia, 89 Julia, 140 Siwa, 2181 Fogelin and 5480 (1989YK8), potential targets for the Rosetta mission; remote observations campaign on IRTF". New Astronomy. 9 (5): 343–351. arXiv:astro-ph/0312638. Bibcode:2004NewA....9..343B. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2003.12.005.
^ Ditteon, Richard; Hawkins, Scot (September 2007), "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Observatory - October-November 2006", The Minor Planet Bulletin, 34 (3): 59–64, Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...59D, ISSN 1052-8091.
^ Vernazza, P.; Broz, M.; Drouard, A. "Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)". www.aanda.org. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
^ Vernazza, P. "ESO/VLT/SPHERE Survey of D>100km Asteroids : First Results" (PDF). USRA. Retrieved 20 December 2019.

External links

89 Julia at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
89 Julia at the JPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters

[6] Flattening derived from the maximum aspect ratio (c/a): $f=1-{\frac {c}{a}}$ , where (c/a) = 0.70±0.03.^[4]

[1] Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language

[JPL-2] Yeomans, Donald K., "89 Julia", JPL Small-Body Database Browser, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, retrieved 13 May 2016.

[Vernazza2018-3] Vernazza et al. (August 2018) The impact crater at the origin of the Julia family detected with VLT/SPHERE?, Astronomy and Astrophysics 618, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833477

[VLT-4] P. Vernazza et al. (2021) VLT/SPHERE imaging survey of the largest main-belt asteroids: Final results and synthesis. Astronomy & Astrophysics 54, A56

[Carry2012-5] Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science, 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv:1203.4336, Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009. See Table 1.

[7] Asteroid Data Sets Archived 2009-12-17 at the Wayback Machine

[AstDys-Julia-8] "AstDys (89) Julia Ephemerides". Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy. Retrieved 27 June 2010.

[Birlan-2004-9] Birlan, Mirel; Barucci, Maria Antonietta; Vernazza, Pierre; Fulchignoni, Marcello; Binzel, Richard P.; Bus, Schelte J.; et al. (June 2004). "Near-IR spectroscopy of asteroids 21 Lutetia, 89 Julia, 140 Siwa, 2181 Fogelin and 5480 (1989YK8), potential targets for the Rosetta mission; remote observations campaign on IRTF". New Astronomy. 9 (5): 343–351. arXiv:astro-ph/0312638. Bibcode:2004NewA....9..343B. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2003.12.005.

[Ditteon2007-10] Ditteon, Richard; Hawkins, Scot (September 2007), "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Oakley Observatory - October-November 2006", The Minor Planet Bulletin, 34 (3): 59–64, Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...59D, ISSN 1052-8091.

[11] Vernazza, P.; Broz, M.; Drouard, A. "Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)". www.aanda.org. Retrieved 20 December 2019.

[12] Vernazza, P. "ESO/VLT/SPHERE Survey of D>100km Asteroids : First Results" (PDF). USRA. Retrieved 20 December 2019.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[a]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]