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C. J. Cherryh

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C. J. Cherryh
Cherryh at NorWesCon in 2006
Cherryh at NorWesCon in 2006
BornCarolyn Janice Cherry
(1942-09-01) September 1, 1942 (age 82)
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Pen nameC. J. Cherryh
OccupationNovelist, short story author, essayist, high school teacher
EducationUniversity of Oklahoma (BA)
Johns Hopkins University (MA)
Period1976–present
GenreScience fiction, fantasy
Notable worksAlliance–Union universe, Foreigner series
Notable awardsHugo Award, Locus Award, Prometheus Award
Spouse
​
(m. 2014)​
[1][2]
RelativesDavid A. Cherry (brother)
Website
cherryh.com/WaveWithoutAShore/

Carolyn Janice Cherry (born September 1, 1942), better known by the pen name C. J. Cherryh, is an American writer of speculative fiction. She has written more than 80 books since the mid-1970s, including the Hugo Award–winning novels Downbelow Station (1981) and Cyteen (1988), both set in her Alliance–Union universe, and her Foreigner series. She is known for worldbuilding, depicting fictional realms with great realism supported by vast research in history, language, psychology, and archeology.

Cherryh (pronounced "Cherry") appended a silent "h" to her real name because her first editor, Donald A. Wollheim, felt that "Cherry" sounded too much like a romance writer.[3] She used only her initials, C. J., to disguise that she was female at a time when the majority of science fiction authors were male.[4]

The author has an asteroid, 77185 Cherryh, named after her. Referring to this honor, the asteroid's discoverers wrote of Cherryh: "She has challenged us to be worthy of the stars by imagining how mankind might grow to live among them."[5]

Biography

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Cherryh was born in 1942 in St. Louis, Missouri and raised primarily in Lawton, Oklahoma. She began writing stories at the age of ten when she became frustrated with the cancellation of her favorite TV show, Flash Gordon. In 1964, she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Latin from the University of Oklahoma (Phi Beta Kappa), with academic specializations in archaeology, mythology, and the history of engineering. In 1965, she received a Master of Arts degree in classics from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, where she was a Woodrow Wilson fellow. In the early 1980’s, she was an artist in residence at the University of Central Oklahoma.[6]

After graduation, Cherryh taught Latin, Ancient Greek, the classics, and ancient history at John Marshall High School in the Oklahoma City public school system.[7]: 79  While her job was teaching Latin, her passion was the history, religion, and culture of Rome and Ancient Greece. During the summers, she would conduct student tours of the ancient ruins in England, France, Spain, and Italy. In her spare time, she would write, using the mythology of Rome and Greece as plots for her stories of the future. Cherryh did not follow the professional path typical of science fiction writers at the time, which was to first publish short stories in science fiction and fantasy magazines and then progress to novels; she did not consider writing short stories until she had had several novels published.

Cherryh wrote novels in her spare time away from teaching and submitted these manuscripts directly for publication. Initially, she met with little success; various publishers lost manuscripts she had submitted.[7]: 80  She was thus forced to retype them from her own carbon copies, time-consuming but cheaper than paying for photocopying. (Using carbon paper to make at least one copy of a manuscript was standard practice until the advent of the personal computer.)

Cherryh's breakthrough came in 1975 when Donald A. Wollheim purchased the two manuscripts she had submitted to DAW Books, Gate of Ivrel and Brothers of Earth.[7]: 80  About the former, Cherryh stated in an interview on Amazing Stories:

It was the first time a book really found an ending and really worked, because I had made contact with Don Wollheim at DAW, found him interested, and was able to write for a specific editor whose body of work and type of story I knew. It was a good match. It was a set of characters I'd invented when I was, oh, about thirteen. So it was an old favorite of my untold stories, and ended up being the first in print.[8]

The two novels were published in 1976, Gate of Ivrel preceding Brothers of Earth by several months (although she had completed and submitted Brothers of Earth first). The books won her immediate recognition and the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in 1977.

Although not all of her works have been published by DAW Books, during this early period Cherryh developed a strong relationship with the Wollheim family and their publishing company, frequently travelling to New York City and staying with the Wollheims in their Queens family home. Other companies who have published her novels include Baen Books, HarperCollins, Warner Books, and Random House (under its Del Rey Books imprint). She published six additional novels in the late 1970s.

In 1979, her short story "Cassandra" won the Best Short Story Hugo, and she quit teaching to write full-time. She has since won the Hugo Award for Best Novel twice, first for Downbelow Station in 1982 and then again for Cyteen in 1989.

In addition to developing her own fictional universes, Cherryh has contributed to several shared world anthologies, including Thieves' World, Heroes in Hell, Elfquest, Witch World, Magic in Ithkar, and the Merovingen Nights series, which she edited. Her writing has encompassed a variety of science fiction and fantasy subgenres and includes a few short works of non-fiction. Her books have been translated into Czech, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, and Swedish. She has also translated several published works of fiction from French into English.

She now lives near Spokane, Washington with her wife,[1][2] the science fiction/fantasy author and artist Jane Fancher. She enjoys skating and travelling and regularly makes appearances at science fiction conventions.

Her brother David A. Cherry is a science fiction and fantasy artist.[9]

Writing style

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Cherryh uses a writing technique she has variously labeled "very tight limited third person", "intense third person", and "intense internal" voice.[10] In this approach, the only things the writer narrates are those that the viewpoint character specifically notices or thinks about.[10] The narration may not mention important features of the environment or situation with which the character is already familiar, even though these things might be of interest to the reader, because the character does not think about them owing to their familiarity.

World building

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Cherryh's works depict fictional worlds with great realism supported by her strong background in languages, history, archaeology, and psychology. In her introduction to Cherryh's first book, Andre Norton compared the effect of the work to Tolkien's: "Never since reading The Lord of the Rings have I been so caught up in any tale as I have been in Gate of Ivrel." Another reviewer commented, "Her blend of science and folklore gives the novels an intellectual depth comparable to Tolkien or Gene Wolfe." Cherryh creates believable alien cultures, species, and perspectives, causing the reader to reconsider basic assumptions about human nature. Her worlds have been praised as complex and realistic because she presents them through implication rather than explication. She describes the difficulties of translating/expressing concepts between differing languages. This is best demonstrated in both the Chanur and Foreigner series.

She has described the process she uses to create alien societies for her fiction as being akin to asking a series of questions, and letting the answers to these questions dictate various parameters of the alien culture. In her view, "culture is how biology responds to its environment and makes its living conditions better." Some of the issues she considers critical to take into account in detailing an intelligent alien race are:

  • The physical environment in which the species lives
  • The location and nature of the race's dwellings, including the spatial relationships between those dwellings
  • The species' diet, method(s) of obtaining and consuming food, and cultural practices regarding the preparation of meals and eating (if any)
  • Processes which the aliens use to share knowledge
  • Customs and ideas regarding death, dying, the treatment of the race's dead, and the afterlife (if any)
  • Metaphysical issues related to self-definition and the aliens' concept of the fictional universe they inhabit

In a 2005 interview, the interviewer asks CJ Cherryh “How much science is there in science fiction?” Cherryh responds with “Quite a bit and if I get something wrong, I know I’m going to hear about it.” 02:15 She then later goes on and states “I’ve had operational conferences with astronauts.” 3:03 [11]

Major themes

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Main article: Themes of C. J. Cherryh's works

Her protagonists often attempt to uphold existing social institutions and norms in the service of the greater good while the antagonists often attempt to exploit, subvert or radically alter the predominant social order for selfish gain. She uses the theme of the outsider finding his (or her) place in society and how individuals interact with The Other. A number of Cherryh's novels focus on military and political themes. One underlying theme of her work is an exploration of gender roles. Her characters reveal both strengths and weaknesses regardless of their gender, although her female protagonists are portrayed as especially capable and determined, and many of her male characters are portrayed as damaged, abused, or otherwise vulnerable.

Works

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Main article: C. J. Cherryh bibliography

Her career began with publication of her first books in 1976, Gate of Ivrel and Brothers of Earth. Since that time, she has published over 80 novels, short-story compilations, with continuing production as her blog attests.[12] Ms. Cherryh has received the Hugo, Locus, and Prometheus Awards for some of her novels. Her novels are divided into various spheres, focusing mostly around the Alliance–Union universe, The Chanur novels, the Foreigner series, and her fantasy novels.[13]

Scholarship

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  • The Cherryh Odyssey (2004, ISBN 0-8095-1070-7; ISBN 0-8095-1071-5), edited by Edward Carmien, compiles a dozen essays by academic and professional voices discussing the literary life and career of Cherryh. A bibliography is included.
  • The Jack Williamson Science Fiction Library at Eastern New Mexico University contains a collection of Cherryh's manuscripts and notes for scholarly research.[14]
  • Military Command in Women's Science Fiction: C.J. Cherryh's Signy Mallory (2000), Part 1,[15] Part 2[16] by Camille Bacon-Smith.
  • "Animal Transference: A 'Mole-like Progression' in C.J. Cherry" (2011) by Lynn Turner, in Mosaic: a journal for the interdisciplinary study of literature, 44.3, pp. 163–175.[17]

Awards and honors

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Award Category Work Result[18]
British SF Award Novel Cyteen (1988) Nominated
Hugo Award Novel The Faded Sun: Kesrith (1978) Nominated
Downbelow Station (1981) Won
The Pride of Chanur (1982) Nominated
Cuckoo's Egg (1985) Nominated
Cyteen (1988) Won
Novella "The Scapegoat" (1985) Nominated
Short Story "Cassandra" (1978) Won
Locus Award Novel The Faded Sun: Kesrith (1978) Nominated
Fantasy Novel The Paladin (1988) Nominated
Rusalka (1989) Nominated
Fortress of Eagles (1998) Nominated
Fortress of Owls (1999) Nominated
SF Novel The Pride of Chanur (1982) Nominated
Chanur's Venture (1984) Nominated
Cyteen (1988) Won
Rimrunners (1989) Nominated
Invader (1995) Nominated
Finity's End (1997) Nominated
Defender (2001) Nominated
Visitor (2016) Nominated
Collection Sunfall (1981) Nominated
Visible Light (1986) Nominated
Novella "Ealdwood" (1981) Nominated
The Scapegoat (1984) Nominated
Novelette "The Haunted Tower" (1981) Nominated
"Willow" (1982) Nominated
Short Story "The Only Death in the City" (1981) Nominated
Nebula Award Novel The Faded Sun: Kesrith (1978) Nominated
Short Story "Cassandra" (1978) Nominated
World Fantasy Award Novella "Ealdwood" (1981) Nominated
"Gwydion and the Dragon" (1991) Nominated

Cherryh has also received the following honors:

Organizations

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References

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  1. ^ a b Fancher, Jane (May 5, 2014). "Da Big Secrud!". Archived from the original on May 5, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Fancher, Jane (May 27, 2014). "Wedding Pix!". Archived from the original on February 26, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
  3. ^ rec.arts.sf.written FAQ. Pronunciation of Cherryh.
  4. ^ Gunn, James (2004). "Introduction: What We Do For Love". In Carmien, Edward (ed.). The Cherryh Odyssey. Borgo Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0809510702.
  5. ^ JPL Small-Body Database Browser Asteroid 77185 Cherryh.
  6. ^ "Cherry, Caroline Janice | The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture". Oklahoma Historical Society | OHS. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c Brusso, Charlene (July 1997). "The InQuest Q&A: C.J. Cherryh". InQuest Gamer. No. 27. Wizard Entertainment. pp. 78–84.
  8. ^ Troughton, R.K. (February 19, 2014). "Interview with Award-Winning Author C. J. Cherryh". Amazing Stories. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  9. ^ "SFE: Cherry, David A".
  10. ^ a b "C.J. Cherryh Short Story Essay Novel Writer". EncycloCentral. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2008.
  11. ^ "| Oklahoma Historical Society". Oklahoma Historical Society | OHS. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
  12. ^ Cherryh, C. J. "The Journal: Progress Report". C. J. Cherryh homepage. Retrieved June 18, 2007.
  13. ^ "SFE: Cherryh, C J".
  14. ^ "Special Collections". Eastern New Mexico University. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  15. ^ Bacon-Smith, Camille. "Military Command in Women's Science Fiction: C.J. Cherryh's Signy Mallory (part 1)". The Swan. Archived from the original on August 8, 2007. Retrieved June 18, 2007.
  16. ^ Bacon-Smith, Camille. "Military Command in Women's Science Fiction: C.J. Cherryh's Signy Mallory (part 2)". The Swan. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved June 18, 2007.
  17. ^ Turner, Lynn (September 2011). "Animal Transference: A 'Mole-like Progression' in C.J. Cherry". Mosaic: a journal for the interdisciplinary study of literature. 44 (3): 163–175. doi:10.1353/mos.2011.a450735. Retrieved February 5, 2013.
  18. ^ "C. J. Cherryh Awards". Science Fiction Awards Database. Locus Science Fiction Foundation. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  19. ^ "Arrell Gibson Lifetime Achievement Award". Oklahoma Department of Libraries. 2005. Archived from the original on September 16, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  20. ^ "FenCon IX archive site". FenCon. Archived from the original on May 16, 2012.
  21. ^ "C.J. Cherryh Named SFWA Damon Knight Grand Master". SFWA. February 17, 2016. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  22. ^ "Prometheus Awards". Libertarian Futurist Society. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
  23. ^ "Robert A. Heinlein Award". Retrieved March 2, 2021.
  24. ^ "Board of Advisors". National Space Society. Archived from the original on July 2, 2007. Retrieved June 18, 2007.
  25. ^ "Endangered Language Fund". Retrieved December 29, 2016.
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